Wi-Fi HaLow is the Wi-Fi Alliance name for IEEE 802.11ah. Instead of the 2.4 GHz and 5 GHz bands used by ordinary Wi-Fi, it operates in license-free sub-GHz spectrum, where signals travel farther and pass through walls more easily. Narrow channels, a target wake time mechanism and support for thousands of stations per access point are designed around sleepy, low-data devices.
The result sits between classic Wi-Fi and LPWAN technologies: more throughput than LoRaWAN, far less than Wi-Fi 6, with a range of several hundred meters in open space. Typical uses are smart agriculture, parking sensors and building perimeter devices that want native IP without a separate gateway. Adoption remains modest because few phones or routers include HaLow radios, so it usually needs its own access point.
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