An energy management system collects consumption data from meters and sub-meters, generation data from solar inverters or generators, and state of charge from batteries, and presents it against targets. In its simplest form it is a reporting tool that shows where energy goes and flags anomalies. In its more advanced form it controls assets: charging a battery when tariffs are low, shedding non-critical loads at peak, or responding to a demand response signal.
IoT provides the measurement layer, with smart meters and wireless current sensors replacing manual readings. The hard parts are data quality, since a mislabeled meter undermines every report, and the organizational question of who acts on the findings. See IoT in energy for how EMS platforms connect to the smart grid.
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